|
Author/year | Country of study | Measurement tool | Time measured | Nerve block |
|
Ambrosoli et al. [12] | Not stated | NRS (not stated; 0–10) | 4 hours post-op | Sciatic nerve catheter |
Upon discharge |
NRS at rest (0–10) | 24 hours |
48 hours |
NRS on activity (0–10) | 24 hours |
48 hours |
Number of occasions sleep was disturbed by pain | 24 hours |
48 hours |
|
Andersen et al. [13] | Denmark | Worst pain during knee movement | On day of surgery | Saphenous nerve block |
VAS (10 cm) at rest | |
Time from surgery to VAS score 3 (not stated) | Hours |
Sleep disturbance due to pain (yes/no) | D1 post-op |
D2 post-op |
D3 post-op |
Total opioid consumption | 48 hours |
|
Bengisun et al. [39] | Turkey | VAS (10 cm; not stated) | 2 hours post-op | Interscalene block |
4 hours post-op |
6 hours post-op |
12 hours post-op |
24 hours post-op |
|
Bharti et al. [14] | India | VAS (10 cm; not stated) | Every 30 min for 2 hours | Supraclavicular brachial plexus block |
Every 1 hour for 6 hours |
Every 2 hours for 12 hours |
24 hours post-op |
Total analgesic requirement (opiate and nonopiate) | 24 hours post-op |
|
Boussofara et al. [15] | Tunisia | VAS (10 cm; not stated) | Every 15 min post-op whilst in PACU | Spinal anaesthetic block |
Total opioid consumption | Whilst in PACU |
|
Capdevilla et al. [16] | France | VAS (10 cm; not stated) | 10 min post-op | Interscalene and popliteal infusions |
1 hour post-op |
4 hours post-op |
12 hours post-op |
AM D1 post-op during physiotx |
AM D2 post-op during physiotx |
AM D3 post-op during physiotx |
AM D4 post-op during physiotx |
Total analgesic consumption (nonopiate) | Over 72 hours |
|
Choi et al. [17] | Canada | NRS on activity (0–10) | AM D2 post-op | Femoral nerve block continuous versus single |
Total opioid consumption | 48 hours |
NRS at rest (0–10) | AM D1 post-op |
NRS on activity (0–10) | D1 post-op |
Worst NRS (0–10) | D1 post-op |
NRS (0–10; not stated) | 4.5 months post-op |
|
Diakomi et al. [18] | Greece | Time to first IV opioid request (hours) | No. of hours | Fascia iliaca block |
Total opioid consumption | Over first 24 hours |
|
Elkassabany et al. [19] | USA | Pain scores (type of pain score not stated) | Before physiotherapy | Femoral nerve block versus adductor canal block |
Pain scores (type of pain score not stated) | After physiotherapy |
Pain scores (APS-POQ-R) | At 24 hours |
Total opioid consumption | AM D1 post-op |
AM D2 post-op |
|
Fredrickson et al. [20] | New Zealand | NRS (not stated; 0–10) | Emergence | Interscalene catheters |
Worst in 24 hours on movement |
Worst in 24 hours at rest |
Worst in second 24 hours on movement |
Worst in second 24 hours at rest |
|
Fritsch et al. [21] | Austria | NRS at rest (0–10) | 4 hours post-op | Interscalene brachial plexus block |
6 hours post-op |
8 hours post-op |
10 hours post-op |
12 hours post-op |
14 hours post-op |
NRS on activity (0–10) | 4 hours post-op |
6 hours post-op |
8 hours post-op |
10 hours post-op |
12 hours post-op |
14 hours post-op |
|
Hamdani et al. [38] | Switzerland | Average pain score (NRS; 0–10) (not stated) | Over first 24 hours | Continuous interscalene |
Average pain score (NRS; 0–10) (not stated) | Over first 48 hours |
Total opioid consumption | Over first 24 hours |
Total opioid consumption | Over first 48 hours |
Maximum pain score (NRS; 0–10) (not stated) | Over first 24 hours |
Maximum pain score (NRS; 0–10) (not stated) | Over first 48 hours |
|
Karthikeyan et al. [37] | India | VAS (10 cm) (not stated) | Admission to PACU | Bilateral cervical plexus block |
2 hours post-op |
4 hours post-op |
6 hours post-op |
8 hours post-op |
16 hours post-op |
24 hours post-op |
Time to first analgesic request | Min |
Total analgesic consumption (opioid consumption) | 24 hours post-op |
|
Kim et al. [42] | Republic of Korea | VAS (10 cm; not stated) | 1 hour post-op | Serratus-intercostal plane block and intermediate cervical plexus block versus control |
3 hours post-op |
6 hours post-op |
9 hours post-op |
24 hours post-op |
|
Kulhari et al. [36] | Not stated | Time to first rescue analgesia | After administration of block | Pectoral nerve block versus thoracic paravertebral block |
Total analgesic consumption (opioid consumption) | 24 hours post-op |
VAS (10 cm; not stated) | 0 hours post-op |
0.5 hours post-op |
1 hour post-op |
2 hours post-op |
4 hours post-op |
6 hours post-op |
8 hours post-op |
12 hours post-op |
24 hours post-op |
|
Moura et al. [35] | Brazil | NRS (not stated; 0–10) | T0 (after recovering consciousness) | Femoral nerve block |
1 hour post-op |
2 hours post-op |
Total dose of supplementary analgesia (opioid and nonopioid) | First 2 hours |
Time to first analgesic supplementation | |
|
Nagafuchi et al. [34] | Japan | NRS (not stated; 0–10) | Exiting operating room | Femoral nerve block-sciatic nerve block versus femoral nerve block-LIA |
3 hours post-op |
12 hours post-op |
24 hours post-op |
Total dose of diclofenac | |
|
Salviz et al. [33] | USA | Time to first pain | Hours | Interscalene brachial plexus block |
Analgesic consumption (opioid) | D1 post-op |
D2 post-op |
D3 post-op |
D4 post-op |
D5 post-op |
D6 post-op |
D7 post-op |
Maximum NRS (not stated; 0–10) | D1 post-op |
D2 post-op |
D3 post-op |
D4 post-op |
D5 post-op |
D6 post-op |
D7 post-op |
|
Sawhney et al. [32] | Canada | NRS on activity (0–10) | D1 post-op | Combined adductor canal block with periarticular infiltration versus adductor canal nerve block |
NRS at rest and with knee bending (0–10) | D1 post-op |
NRS on activity (0–10) | D2 post-op |
NRS at rest and with knee bending (0–10) | D2 post-op |
Analgesic consumption (opioid and nonopioid) per day | |
|
Sato et al. [31] | Japan | VAS (10 cm) at rest | At rest just after surgery | Sciatic and femoral continuous versus single shot |
6 hours after surgery |
AM D1 post-op |
PM D1 post-op |
AM D2 post-op |
PM D2 post-op |
Morphine consumption | Over first 48 hours |
|
Siddiqui et al. [41] | USA | VAS (10 cm) at rest | Every 5 min first hour | Lumbar plexus block |
4 hours post-op |
8 hours post-op |
16 hours post-op |
20 hours post-op |
24 hours post-op |
28 hours post-op |
32 hours post-op |
36 hours post-op |
|
Sindjelic et al. [30] | Serbia | Time to first analgesic request | Min | Cervical plexus block |
Total opioid consumption | 24 hours post-op |
|
Schoenmakers et al. [29] | Netherlands | Time to first analgesic request | Min | Popliteal continuous |
NRS at rest (0–10) | Immediately post-op |
24 hours |
NRS on activity (0–10) | Immediately post-op |
24 hours |
|
Subramanyam et al. [28] | Canada | NRS (not stated; 0–10) | 30 min post-op | Supraclavicular brachial plexus block |
60 min post-op |
90 min post-op |
Time to first analgesic request | Min |
|
Stundner et al. [27] | Austria | NRS at rest (0–10) | Baseline before ISB | Interscalene brachial plexus block |
Immediately post-op |
6 hours post-op worst pain |
8 hours post-op worst pain |
10 hours post-op worst pain |
12 hours post-op worst pain |
14 hours post-op worst pain |
AM D1 post-op worst pain |
NRS on activity (0–10) | Baseline before ISB |
Immediately post-op |
6 hours post-op worst pain |
8 hours post-op worst pain |
10 hours post-op worst pain |
12 hours post-op worst pain |
14 hours post-op worst pain |
AM D1 post-op worst pain |
|
Thybo et al. [26] | Denmark | VAS (10 cm) during 30° hip flexion | 4 hours post-op (T4) at T0 (pts able to move toes but before SAB worn off) | Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve block |
Pain at rest VAS (10 cm) and during 30° hip flexion | T0 |
Pain at rest VAS (10 cm) and during 30° hip flexion | T1 (after T0) |
Pain at rest VAS (10 cm) and during 30° hip flexion | T2 (after T0) |
Pain at rest VAS (10 cm) and during 30° hip flexion | T4 (after T0) |
Pain at rest VAS (10 cm) and during 30° hip flexion | T8 (after T0) |
Pain at rest VAS (10 cm) and during 30° hip flexion | T12 (after T0) |
Pain at rest VAS (10 cm) and during 30° hip flexion | T24 (after T0) |
Cumulative oxycodone consumption | 0–24 hours post-op |
|
Wegener et al. [25] | Netherlands | WOMAC score | At rest at 3 months | Sciatic nerve block |
On mobilising at 3 months |
At rest 12 months |
On mobilising at 12 months |
VAS (10 cm) | At rest 3 months |
On mobilising at 3 months |
At rest 12 months |
On mobilising at 12 months |
Oxford knee score (inc. pain) | |
|
Wegener et al. [24] | Netherlands | NRS at rest (0–10) | AM D1 post-op | Sciatic and femoral continuous versus single |
PM D1 post-op |
AM D2 post-op |
PM D2 post-op |
AM D3 post-op |
PM D3 post-op |
NRS on mobilisation (0–10) | AM D1 post-op |
PM D1 post-op |
AM D2 post-op |
PM D2 post-op |
AM D3 post-op |
PM D3 post-op |
Total morphine consumption | D0 post-op |
D1 post-op |
D2 post-op |
D3 post-op |
|
Wongyingsinn et al. [23] | Canada | NRS at rest (0–10) | 24 hours post-op | Thoracic epidural block |
48 hours post-op |
72 hours post-op |
NRS on walking (0–10) | 24 hours post-op |
48 hours post-op |
72 hours post-op |
NRS on coughing (0–10) | 24 hours post-op |
48 hours post-op |
72 hours post-op |
|
YaDeau et al. [40] | USA | NRS at rest (0–10) | 30 min post-op | Lumbar plexus block |
1 hour post-op |
2 hours post-op |
3 hour post-op |
4 hours post-op |
24 hours post-op |
NRS on movement (0–10) | 30 min post-op |
1 hour post-op |
2 hours post-op |
3 hour post-op |
4 hours post-op |
24 hours post-op |
|
Zhai et al. [22] | Not stated | NRS at rest (0–10) | Before block | Interscalene brachial plexus block |
Right before discharge from PACU |
4 hours after block |
8 hours after block |
24 hours after block |
Worst NRS (0–10) | 24 hours after block |
Time of first shoulder pain | |
|