Risk Factors for Moderate to Severe Pain during the First 24 Hours after Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery While Receiving Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia
Table 2
Demographic and surgical data related to pain severity.
Data
No or mild pain (NRS 0–3; n = 25)
Moderate to severe pain (NRS 4–10; n = 72)
value
Age (years)
41.60 ± 12.34
37.56 ± 12.16
0.157
Female sex
14 (56.0%)
53 (73.6%)
0.101
BMI (kg/m2)
43.56 ± 6.14
45.55 ± 9.06
0.311
ASA classification
0.613
2
5 (20.0%)
18 (25.0%)
3
20 (80.0%)
54 (75.0%)
Obstructive sleep apnea
0.796
None
12 (48.0%)
37 (51.4%)
Mild
2 (8.0%)
6 (8.3%)
Moderate
2 (8.0%)
9 (12.5%)
Severe
9 (9.0%)
20 (27.8%)
CPAP (yes)
12 (48.0%)
31 (43.1%)
0.668
Type of operation
0.514
Roux-en-Y
12 (48.0%)
40 (55.6%)
Sleeve gastrectomy
13 (52.0%)
32 (44.4%)
Concomitant operations
0.586
Hiatal hernia
1 (4.0%)
1 (1.4%)
LC
3 (12.0%)
5 (6.9%)
LC and hiatal hernia
0 (0.0%)
2 (2.8%)
Operative time (min)
171.92 ± 67.03
178.29 ± 66.25
0.680
indicates statistical significance. Values are given as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: NRS, numeric rating scale; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; LC, laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
