Risk Factors for Moderate to Severe Pain during the First 24 Hours after Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery While Receiving Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia

Table 2

Demographic and surgical data related to pain severity.


Data	No or mild pain (NRS 0–3; n = 25)	Moderate to severe pain (NRS 4–10; n = 72)	value

Age (years)	41.60 ± 12.34	37.56 ± 12.16	0.157
Female sex	14 (56.0%)	53 (73.6%)	0.101
BMI (kg/m²)	43.56 ± 6.14	45.55 ± 9.06	0.311
ASA classification			0.613
2	5 (20.0%)	18 (25.0%)
3	20 (80.0%)	54 (75.0%)
Obstructive sleep apnea			0.796
None	12 (48.0%)	37 (51.4%)
Mild	2 (8.0%)	6 (8.3%)
Moderate	2 (8.0%)	9 (12.5%)
Severe	9 (9.0%)	20 (27.8%)
CPAP (yes)	12 (48.0%)	31 (43.1%)	0.668
Type of operation			0.514
Roux-en-Y	12 (48.0%)	40 (55.6%)
Sleeve gastrectomy	13 (52.0%)	32 (44.4%)
Concomitant operations			0.586
Hiatal hernia	1 (4.0%)	1 (1.4%)
LC	3 (12.0%)	5 (6.9%)
LC and hiatal hernia	0 (0.0%)	2 (2.8%)
Operative time (min)	171.92 ± 67.03	178.29 ± 66.25	0.680

indicates statistical significance. Values are given as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: NRS, numeric rating scale; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; LC, laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

Risk Factors for Moderate to Severe Pain during the First 24 Hours after Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery While Receiving Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia

Table 2