Risk Factors for Moderate to Severe Pain during the First 24 Hours after Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery While Receiving Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia
Table 3
Pain and analgesic data during intraoperative, PACU, and postoperative periods.
Data
No or mild pain (NRS 0–3; n = 25)
Moderate to severe pain (NRS 4–10; n = 72)
value
Intraoperative
Intraoperative morphine (mg)
19.56 ± 5.39
20.62 ± 6.43
0.463
Intraoperative NSAIDs
4 (16%)
9 (12.5%)
0.735
Multimodal analgesia
7 (28.0%)
27 (37.5%)
0.391
PACU
NRS >3 on arrival
14 (56%)
55 (76.4%)
0.053
PACU morphine (mg)
1.18 ± 1.80
1.69 ± 2.22
0.305
PACU NSAIDs
1 (4%)
8 (11.1%)
0.439
Inadequate pain control at PACU discharge
4 (16.0%)
32 (44.4%)
0.011
Postoperative
Demand-to-delivery ratio
2.08 ± 1.79
1.89 ± 0.97
0.523
Demand-to-delivery ratio >1.35
14 (56.0%)
45 (62.5%)
0.566
Postoperative NSAIDs
4 (16.0%)
24 (33.3%)
0.099
indicates statistical significance. Values are given as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: PACU, postanesthesia care unit; NRS, numeric rating scale; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
