Dexmedetomidine Pharmacokinetics in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Receiving Hypothermia
Table 3
Hospital course characteristics of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with dexmedetomidine during hypothermia.
Characteristics
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Mean or no.
SD (±)
Female, n (%)
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
APGAR
5 min
4
6
0
2
4
0
4
3
2
10 min
4
7
0
3
4
5
8
4
3
Resuscitation
Chest compressions
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Intubation after birth
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Epinephrine (bolus number)
No
No
Yes (7)
No
No
Yes (1)
No
Normal saline (bolus number)
No
No
Yes (2)
No
No
Yes (1)
No
First arterial or capillary pH
6.65
6.98
7.04
6.98
7.06
6.7
6.9
6.90
0.16
Base deficit, mmol/L
34
18
23
17
17
27
19
22
6
Admission rectal temp. (Celsius)
30.9
35
33.6
34.7
34.5
34.5
34.7
34.0
1.4
CrMax, mg/dL
3.7
1.1
0.5
0.8
1.4
1.9
0.8
1.5
1.1
Lowest platelet level
95
201
106
234
75
62
97
124
66
ALTmax, U/L
482
439
127
160
583
129
28
278
217
Highest INR
3
2.1
2.6
1.3
1.8
1.8
1.1
2.0
0.7
Lowest fibrinogen
110
273
62
185
169
118
397
188
114
Intubation > 12 h, n (%)
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
4/7 (57%)
Clinical seizure, n (%)
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
5/7 (71%)
Anticonvulsants
Yes (P, F, Lev)
No
Yes (P, Lev)
Yes (P)
No
No
No
3/7 (43%)
Inotropic support, n (%)
Yes (Dop, Epi, HC)
Yes (Dop)
Yes (Dop, HC)
No
Yes (Dop)
Yes (Dop)
No
5/7 (71%)
Breakthrough shivering
No
No
No
Yes, X7 (2 sev, 2 mod, 2 mild)
Yes, X2 (mild)
No
NR
2/6 (33%)
Duration
1–5 min
NR
Morphine doses given
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
Bradycardia (<70 bpm)
No
1 episode
No
No
No
No
No
1/7 (14%)
Death during hospitalization, n (%)
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
1/7 (14%)
SD, standard deviation; CrMax, maximum creatinine; ALTmax, maximum alanine aminotransferase; INR, international normalized ratio; P, phenobarbital; F, fosphenytoin; Lev, levetiracetam; Dop, dopamine; Epi, epinephrine; HC, hydrocortisone; NR, not reported.
