The Effect of Perioperative Music Listening on Patient Satisfaction, Anxiety, and Depression: A Quasiexperimental Study

Table 2

Preintervention and postintervention psychological outcomes.

Variables	Preintervention	Postintervention	value
HADS score
Depression	4.0 (4.0 [0–16])	2.0 (3.0 [0–10])	<0.001
Anxiety	7.0 (6.0 [0–17])	2.0 (4.0 [0–12])	<0.001
EQ-5D-3L dimensions anxiety/depression			0.003
Not anxious/depressed	54 (65.1%)	83 (100.0%)
Having anxious/depressed	29 (34.9%)	0
Pain/Discomfort			0.007
No pain/discomfort	78 (94.0%)	66 (79.5%)
Having pain/discomfort	5 (6.0%)	17 (20.5%)

Values are represented as median (IQR [range]) or number (proportion). HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; EQ-5D-3L: three-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire.