Outcomes of the Extreme Elderly Undergoing Anaesthesia and Surgery amongst Southeast Asians

Table 1

Preoperative patient demographics and surgical characteristics (n = 62).

	No. of patients (%)
Gender
Male	22 (35.5)
Female	40 (64.5)
ASA physical status
1	2 (3.2)
2	16 (25.8)
3	44 (71.0)
ADL
Independent	36 (67.9)
Assisted	17 (32.1)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	43 (69.4)
Ischemic heart disease (IHD)	11 (17.7)
Arrhythmia	10 (16.1)
Chronic renal failure	5 (8.1)
End-stage renal failure	0 (0)
Diabetes mellitus	13 (21)
Stroke/TIA	8 (12.9)
COPD/asthma	3 (4.8)
Dementia	6 (9.7)
Anaemia^≠	27 (43.5)
Preexisting coagulopathy
Pharmacological	29 (46.8)
Nonpharmacological	14 (24.6)
Type of surgery
Emergency	47 (75.8)
Elective	15 (24.2)
Severity of surgery
Minor	19 (34.5)
Intermediate	32 (58.2)
Major	4 (7.3)
Surgical discipline
Orthopaedic	36 (67.3)
Vascular	3 (5.5)
General surgery	10 (18.2)
Urology	5 (9.1)

ADL, activities of daily living. ≠Anaemia is defined in accordance with local haematological lab ranges (Hb: male <13; female <12). Emergency operations are defined as surgeries needing to be performed within 6 hours of diagnosis or establishment of surgical indication; elective surgeries are defined as those that can be delayed for more than 24 hours. We defined the severity of the operation (minor, intermediate, or major surgery) in accordance with the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) cardiac risk stratification; hypertension is defined as NIBP systolic ≥180 for 2 or more consecutive readings. Missing data present, percentage taken as total available data.