Comparison of Dexmedetomidine, Lidocaine, and Fentanyl in Attenuation Hemodynamic Response of Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Table 6

The rate of change in the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, and lidocaine compared to baseline values in each of the four hemodynamic indexes (HR, SBP, DBP, and MAP).

Hemodynamic factors	Groups	In before intubation (baseline)	In the 1^st min	In the 3^rd min	In the 5^th min	In the 10^th min
HR	Dexmedetomidine	0	−3.05	−14.11	−17.85	−20.09
	Fentanyl	0	−2.07	−9.00	−14.64	−12.68
	Lidocaine	0	−0.23	−0.79	−5.93	−12.43
SBP	Dexmedetomidine	0	−1.44	−12.67	−24.05	−28.64
	Fentanyl	0	+4.56	+2.63	−4.41	−6.93
	Lidocaine	0	+3.33	−8.35	−9.24	−14.17
DBP	Dexmedetomidine	0	+10.40	−1.54	−13.83	−17.11
	Fentanyl	0	+12.14	+11.12	+1.89	−0.39
	Lidocaine	0	+8.53	−0.32	+2.32	+0.33
MAP	Dexmedetomidine	0	+0.98	−7.06	−19.22	−25.57
	Fentanyl	0	+5.01	+5.83	−2.22	−3.08
	Lidocaine	0	+8.47	+0.52	−1.60	−6.45

(+) Means the relative increase of numbers, and (−) means the relative decrease of the variations relative to the baseline value. In cases with, changes are more than 20%.