Prevalence of Emergence Delirium and Associated Factors among Older Patients Who Underwent Elective Surgery: A Multicenter Observational Study

Table 2

A cross-tabulation of the intraoperative and postoperative factors in older patients who underwent elective surgery at Teaching Hospitals of Ethiopia, Ethiopia (n = 384).

Variables	Categories	Frequency (%)	Emergence delirium, frequency (%)
			Yes (n = 106)	No (n = 278)
			106 (27.6)	278 (72.4)
Types of anesthesia	Regional anesthesia	176 (45.8)	34 (19.3)	142 (80.7)
	General anesthesia	208 (54.2)	72 (34.6)	136 (65.4)
Induction agent	Ketamine	28 (13.1)	10 (35.7)	18 (64.3)
	Propofol	62 (29.1)	25 (40.3)	37 (59.7)
	Thiopental	38 (17.9)	14 (36.8)	24 (63.2)
	Ketofol	85 (39.9)	29 (34.1)	56 (65.9)
Maintenance agent (s)	Inhalational	184 (86.4)	73 (39.7)	111 (60.3)
	Propofol	3 (1.4)	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)
	Others	26 (12.2)	4 (15.4)	22 (84.6)
Inhalational agent for maintenance	Halothane	68 (32.1)	34 (50)	34 (50)
	Isoflurane	144 (67.9)	44 (30.6)	100 (69.4)
Duration of surgery	Short duration (<2 hours)	70 (18.2)	16 (22.9)	54 (77.1)
	Longer duration (>2 hours)	314 (81.8)	90 (28.7)	224 (71.3)
Postoperative pain	No-mild	362 (94.3)	93 (25.7)	269 (74.3)
	Moderate-severe	22 (5.7)	13 (59.1)	9 (40.9)