Single Dose Intravenous Paracetamol versus Placebo in Postorthognathic Surgery Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Table 1

Characteristics of the study participants according to the treatment groups.

Characteristics	Total (n = 62)	Study group (n = 31)	Control group (n = 31)	value
Age (year), mean ± SD	25.8 ± 5.3	25 ± 5.2	26.6 ± 5.4	0.105^a
Sex, n (%)				0.054^c
Male	19 (30.6)	6 (19.4)	13 (41.9)
Female	43 (69.4)	25 (80.6)	18 (58.1)
Weight (kg), mean ± SD	62.6 ± 12.2	62.3 ± 11	62.9 ± 13.4	0.851^b
Height (cm), mean ± SD	166.9 ± 7.6	165.2 ± 7.7	168.5 ± 7.3	0.092^b
BMI, mean ± SD	22.4 ± 3.6	22.8 ± 3.3	22 ± 3.8	0.301^a
BSSRO type, n (%)				1.000^d
Advancement	5 (8.1)	2 (6.5)	3 (9.7)
Setback	57 (91.9)	29 (93.5)	28 (90.3)
Maximal BSSRO distance (mm), mean ± SD	5.8 ± 2	5.7 ± 2	6 ± 2	0.539^a
Operation time (min), mean ± SD	237.5 ± 48.7	240.2 ± 44.2	234.8 ± 53.4	0.665^b
Blood loss (ml), mean ± SD	365.3 ± 162.6	356.5 ± 156.4	374.2 ± 170.7	0.750^a
Intraoperative fentanyl (mcg/kg), mean ± SD	1.9 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.4	0.773^a
Intermaxillary fixation (IMF), n (%)				0.796^c
With IMF	25 (40.3)	13 (41.9)	12 (38.7)
Without IMF	37 (59.7)	18 (58.1)	19 (61.3)
Antibiotics, n (%)				0.095^c
Penicillin G sodium	51 (82.3)	27 (87.1)	24 (77.4)
Cefazolin	5 (8.1)	3 (9.7)	2 (6.5)
Clindamycin	5 (8.1)	0 (0)	5 (16.1)
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid	1 (1.6)	1 (3.2)	0 (0)
Bad split, n (%)				0.492^d
Yes	2 (3.2)	0 (0)	2 (6.5)
No	60 (96.8)	31 (100)	29 (93.5)
Exposed inferior alveolar nerve, n (%)				1.000^c
Yes	22 (35.5)	11 (35.5)	11 (35.5)
No	40 (64.5)	20 (64.5)	20 (64.5)

^aDifferences between treatment groups were tested using the Mann–Whitney U test. ^bDifferences between treatment groups were tested using the independent t-test. ^cDifferences between treatment groups were tested using Pearson’s chi-square test. ^dDifferences between treatment groups were tested using Fisher’s exact test.