Reduced Central Memory CD4+ T Cells and Increased T-Cell Activation Characterise Treatment-Naive Patients Newly Diagnosed at Late Stage of HIV Infection
Table 2
(a) Analysis of the association of demographic and HIV-related characteristics with late presentation. (b) Analysis of the association of T-cells subpopulations with late presentation.
(a)
Parameters
Late presenters (CD4 T cell 350 and/or AIDS defining event)
P
No (145, 53%)
Yes (130, 47%)
Age, years*
36 (30–43)
41 (34–50)
0.0001
Gender, male°
120 (83)
105 (81)
0.669
Risk group°
0.020
Homosexual
93 (64)
59 (45)
Heterosexual
47 (32)
64 (49)
IDUs
4 (3)
6 (5)
Other
1 (1)
1 (1)
Migrants°
30 (21)
43 (33)
0.020
HCV coinfection°
7 (5)
9 (7)
0.382
Calendar year of presentation°
0.385
2007
52 (36)
33 (25)
2008
32 (22)
29 (22)
2009
30 (21)
31 (24)
2010
28 (19)
33 (25)
January–March 2011
3 (2)
HIV-RNA log10 cp/mL*
4.33 (3.24–4.96)
4.54 (1.77–5.26)
0.884
CD4+ T cells/μL*
538 (441–698)
218 (100–290)
0.0001
(b)
T-cells immunophenotypes
Late Presenters (CD4 T cell 350 and/or AIDS defining event)
P
No (145, 53%)
Yes (130, 47%)
CD4+ T cells %*
28 (23–35)
14 (10–21)
0.0001
CD8+ T cells %*
45 (38–54)
57 (51–63)
0.0001
CD4+CD127+ cells %*
19 (12–24)
7 (4–12)
0.0001
CD8+CD127+ cells %*
10 (8–15)
11 (7–19)
0.346
CD4+CD95+ cells %*
2 (1–4)
2 (1–3)
0.898
CD8+CD95+ cells %*
2 (1–3)
3 (2–5)
0.0001
CD8+CD38+ cells %*
5 (2–9)
9 (3–18)
0.0001
CD8+CD38+CD45R0+ cells %*
9 (5–16)
15 (10–25)
0.0001
Data are presented as median, (interquartile range, IQR) and °absolute number, (%). IDUs: injection drug users; migrants: people who were born outside the European community (including people from Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America); HCV: hepatitis C virus. Comparison between categorical variables was assessed by Pearson’s Chi square and between continuous variables by nonparametric Mann-Whitney -test. was considered to denote statistical significance.
