Differences in the Nonuse of any Contraception and Use of Specific Contraceptive Methods in HIV Positive and HIV Negative Rwandan Women

Table 4

Univariate and multivariate analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics associated with hormonal contraceptive use.

Variable	Hormonal
	Proportion practicing method 𝑛 (%)	Univariate OR (95% CI)	Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI)^a
HIV Status
HIV−	16 (21.6%)	(𝑟)
HIV+	40 (10.2%)	0.41 (0.22–0.79) **
HIV/CD4 Status
HIV−	16 (21.6%)	(𝑟)
HIV+ CD4 < 200	15 (14.1%)	0.60 (0.27–1.30)
HIV+ CD4 on [200,500]	13 (8.7%)	0.34 (0.16–0.76) **
HIV+ CD4 ≥ 350	12 (8.9%)	0.35 (0.16–0.80) *
Number of living children
0	10 (8.1%)	(𝑟)
1-2	19 (5.7%)	1.63 (0.73–3.64)
3-4	7 (16.7%)	1.97 (0.88–4.38)
5+	7 (12.5%)	1.61 (0.58–4.49)
HIV Status/Partner knowledge
HIV+ Partner knows	30 (13.6%)	(𝑟)	(𝑟)
HIV+ Partner does not know	9 (5.8%)	0.41 (0.19–0.89) *	0.60 (0.27–1.34)
HIV− Partner knows	7 (16.7%)	1.35 (0.55–3.30)	1.40 (0.57–3.48)
HIV− Partner does not know	9 (33.3%)	3.37 (1.39–8.17) **	4.13 (1.65–10.37) **
Age
>30	15 (13.2%)	1.31 (0.53–3.25)
30–40	33 (12.0%)	1.18 (0.52–2.67)
40+	8 (10.4%)	(𝑟)
Married or living with partner
No	17 (6.9%)	(𝑟)	(𝑟)
Yes	39 (17.9%)	2.95 (1.61–5.38) ***	2.67 (1.40–5.08)**
Genocidal rape
No	27 (11.9%)	(𝑟)
Yes	27 (11.5%)	0.96 (0.54–1.69)
Employed
No	36 (11.0%)	(𝑟)
Yes	19 (14.5%)	1.40 (0.77–2.55)
Income
0–10,000	12 (8.3%)	(𝑟)
10,001–35,000	25 (10.8%)	1.26 (0.62–2.56)
35,001+	18 (21.4%)	2.85 (1.32–6.17) **
Ever had sex for cash
No	41 (12.4%)	(𝑟)
Yes	15 (11.4%)	0.91 (0.48–1.70)

^aModels built by stepwise selection among all variables in this table with a 𝑃 value for entry of 0.05 and a 𝑃 value for removal of >0.1.
* 𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001.