Cluster-Randomized Controlled Study of SMS Text Messages for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Rural Kenya

Table 1

Study population baseline characteristics.

Variable	Overall	Intervention	Control	value
	in years (IQR)	25.6 (22, 29)	25.5 (21, 29)		25.6 (22, 29)	0.784^1
New HIV diagnosis in ANC	332 (60.4%)	155 (55.4%)	177 (65.6%)	0.015^2
Yes
Education level
None	2 (0.4%)	1 (0%)	2 (0.7%)	0.021^2
Primary	462 (84.0%)	247 (88.2%)	215 (79.6%)
Secondary	77 (14.0%)	29 (10.4%)	48 (17.8%)
College	9 (1.6%)	4 (1.4%)	5 (1.8%)
Primiparous
Yes	58 (10.6%)	32 (11.5%)	26 (9.7%)	0.493^2
Number of children alive at enrollment (IQR)	2.7 (1.4)	2.8 (1.4)	2.6 (1.4)	0.212^3
Gestational age at first ANC (IQR)	24 (20, 28)	24 (20, 28)	24 (20, 28)	0.173^1
CD4+ T-lymphocyte count per cu mm, (IQR)	486 (349, 649)	444 (345, 541)	562 (480, 823)	0.003^1
	()	()	()
CD4 count < 350	23/86 (26.7%)	18/57 (31.6%)	5/29 (17.2%)	0.201^2
Hemoglobin g/L (SD)	105.7 (15.1)	104.9 (17.2)	106.4 (13.2)	0.486^3
Time, in minutes, to health facility (IQR)	60 (30, 90)	60 (45, 120)	60 (30, 60)	<0.001^1

are medians.
¹Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
²Fisher’s exact test.
³-test.