Childhood Adversities and Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV: Findings from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study
Table 1
Sample characteristics and prevalence of childhood adversity.
Characteristics
Total sample
Prevalence childhood adversity
(%)
%
(95% CI)
Whole sample
1,409
(100.0)
71.3
(68.9, 73.7)
Age in years
≤30
94
(6.7)
81.9
(74.0, 89.8)
31–40
230
(16.3)
76.1
(70.5, 81.6)
41–50
502
(35.6)
72.1
(68.2, 76.0)
>50
583
(41.4)
67.1
(63.2, 70.9)
Sex
Female
278
(19.7)
73.7
(68.5, 78.9)
Male, MSM
885
(62.8)
71.6
(68.7, 74.6)
Male, non-MSM
246
(17.5)
67.5
(61.6, 73.4)
Race or ethnicity
Indigenous
72
(5.1)
81.8
(73.0, 90.6)
African, Caribbean, or Black
351
(24.9)
76.0
(71.5, 80.5)
White
787
(55.9)
69.9
(66.7, 73.1)
Other, non-White
205
(14.5)
64.9
(58.3, 71.5)
Immigrant status
Born in Canada
792
(56.2)
71.7
(68.6, 74.9)
Immigrant
613
(43.8)
70.8
(67.2, 74.4)
Marital status
Married or living with a partner
186
(13.2)
65.4
(58.5, 72.3)
Single, divorced, or widowed
1,223
(86.8)
72.4
(69.8, 74.9)
Highest education level
Some high school or less
164
(11.6)
81.1
(75.0, 87.2)
Completed high school
260
(18.5)
73.5
(68.1, 78.9)
Some postsecondary
557
(39.5)
70.0
(66.2, 73.8)
Completed university
428
(30.4)
68.0
(63.6, 72.4)
Employment status
Employed
673
(47.8)
64.9
(61.3, 68.5)
Unemployed-seeking
131
(9.3)
87.8
(82.1, 93.5)
Not in the labour force
275
(19.5)
71.3
(65.9, 76.7)
On disability
330
(23.4)
78.0
(73.5, 82.4)
Annual personal income
<$20,000
598
(42.4)
78.8
(75.5, 82.0)
$20,000–$49,999
464
(32.9)
69.8
(65.6, 74.0)
≥50,000
347
(24.6)
60.5
(55.4, 65.7)
Hazardous alcohol use
Yes
447
(31.7)
69.8
(65.5, 74.1)
No
962
(68.3)
72.0
(69.2, 74.9)
Cigarette smoking
Current smoker
407
(28.9)
76.9
(72.8, 81.0)
Former smoker
340
(24.1)
71.5
(66.6, 76.3)
Nonsmoker
662
(47.0)
67.8
(64.3, 71.4)
Nonmedicinal drug use
Yes
176
(12.5)
78.4
(72.3, 84.5)
No
1,233
(87.5)
70.3
(67.8, 72.9)
Years since HIV diagnosis
<5
248
(17.6)
72.6
(67.0, 78.2)
5–10
338
(23.9)
74.5
(69.8, 79.2)
11–15
210
(14.9)
68.3
(61.9, 74.6)
16–20
244
(17.3)
70.9
(65.2, 76.6)
>20
369
(26.2)
69.7
(64.9, 74.4)
Sex with HIV-negative or unknown status partner
Unknown/missing
279
(19.8)
74.6
(69.4, 79.7)
Not sexually active
551
(39.1)
72.2
(68.5, 76.0)
Yes, with condom
455
(32.3)
66.8
(62.5, 71.2)
Yes, without condom
124
(8.8)
76.6
(69.1, 84.2)
Recent CD4 count (cells/mm3)
<200
110
(7.8)
74.5
(66.3, 82.8)
200–499
593
(42.1)
74.4
(70.8, 77.9)
≥500
706
(50.1)
68.3
(64.8, 71.7)
Recent viral load (copies/mL)
<50
1,127
(80.0)
70.1
(67.4, 72.8)
≥50
282
(20.0)
76.2
(71.2, 81.2)
On antiretroviral treatment
Yes
1,287
(91.3)
70.3
(75.0, 88.9)
No
122
(8.7)
82.0
(67.8, 72.8)
Diagnosed with AIDS
Yes
613
(43.5)
72.2
(68.6, 75.8)
No
796
(56.5)
70.7
(67.5, 73.8)
One or more childhood adversities. Prevalence difference significant at p < 0.05 level. Prevalence difference significant at p < 0.001 level. Includes people who identified as Asian, Latin American, or mixed races. Past 12 months. Past 30 days. Past six months. Past three months. Note. Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding. CI: confidence interval.
