Research Article
Socioeconomic Status and Vulnerability to HIV Infection in Uganda: Evidence from Multilevel Modelling of AIDS Indicator Survey Data
Table 4
Odds ratios (OR) of HIV prevalence in rural and urban areas, UAIS, 2004-2005 and 2011.
| Parameter | Rural | Urban | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
| Fixed effects | | | | | | | | | Constant | 0.05 | [0.04–0.06] | 0.00 | [0.00-0.00] | 0.21 | [0.15–0.29] | 0.02 | [0.01–0.03] | Model 1: Socio-economic factors | | | | | | | | | Wealth status (Ref: Lowest quintile) | | | | | | | | | Second | 1.04 | [0.88–1.23] | 1.06 | [0.89–1.26] | 1.18 | [0.92–1.52] | 1.13 | [0.87–1.46] | Middle | 1.01 | [0.85–1.20] | 1.05 | [0.88–1.25] | 1.15 | [0.88–1.50] | 1.18 | [0.89–1.55] | Fourth | 1.13 | [0.95–1.34] | 1.17 | [0.98–1.39] | 0.88 | [0.66–1.18] | 0.89 | [0.66–1.21] | Highest | 1.17 | [0.98–1.40] | 1.23 | [1.02–1.47] | 0.87 | [0.64–1.19] | 0.99 | [0.71–1.36] | Education (Ref: No education) | | | | | | | | | Incomplete primary | 0.91 | [0.79–1.04] | 1.15 | [0.99–1.33] | 0.67 | [0.48–0.92] | 0.93 | [0.66–1.32] | Complete primary | 1.04 | [0.87–1.24] | 1.30 | [1.08–1.57] | 0.54 | [0.37–0.78] | 0.73 | [0.49–1.07] | Incomplete secondary | 0.68 | [0.57–0.82] | 1.07 | [0.88–1.30] | 0.35 | [0.25–0.49] | 0.64 | [0.45–0.93] | Complete secondary & higher | 0.63 | [0.45–0.87] | 0.83 | [0.59–1.17] | 0.25 | [0.17–0.38] | 0.43 | [0.28–0.67] | Missing | 1.05 | [0.23–4.84] | 1.21 | [0.26–5.71] | 1.27 | [0.12–13.37] | 2.49 | [0.21–29.13] | Model 2: Socio-demographic factors | | | | | | | | | Age of respondents (Ref: 45–59 years) | | | | | | | | | 15–24 years | | | 1.12 | [0.91–1.37] | | | 0.89 | [0.63–1.27] | 25–34 years | | | 1.80 | [1.54–2.12] | | | 1.46 | [1.08–1.96] | 35–44 years | | | 1.90 | [1.62–2.22] | | | 1.53 | [1.13–2.07] | Current marital status (Ref: Never been in union) | | | | | | | | | Married/living together | | | 2.28 | [1.75–2.97] | | | 2.03 | [1.45–2.83] | Widowed | | | 8.75 | [6.47–11.83] | | | 6.14 | [3.97–9.49] | Divorced/separated | | | 3.92 | [2.97–5.16] | | | 2.97 | [2.09–4.21] | Sex of respondent (Ref: Men) | | | | | | | | | Women | | | 1.61 | [1.42–1.82] | | | 2.13 | [1.71–2.64] | Time in years (Ref: 2004-05) | | | | | | | | | 2011 | | | 1.33 | [1.14–1.54] | | | 0.97 | [0.78–1.21] | Random effects | | | | | | | | | Cluster variance | 0.584 | 0.058 | 0.487 | 0.053 | 0.175 | 0.052 | 0.162 | 0.052 | Clusters | 719 | | 719 | | 168 | | 168 | | Individuals | 32506 | | 32506 | | 7260 | | 7260 | |
|
|
OR: odds ratios; 95% CI: confidence intervals. significance at 5% level, . |