| | Univariable (n = 2489) | Multivariable (n = 2489) | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
| OVC characteristics | | | | | Age (in years) | | | | | 8–10 | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | 11–14 | 1.19 | (0.83, 1.72) | 1.21 | (0.83, 1.76) | 15 or above | 1.12 | (0.77, 1.62) | 1.02 | (0.69, 1.49) |
| Sex | | | | | Male | 1.0 | | | | Female | 1.20 | (0.90, 1.60) | | |
| School enrollment status | | | | | Out of school | 1.0 | | | | In school | 1.10 | (0.76, 1.60) | | |
| Location | | | | | Rural | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | Urban | 2.01 | (1.49, 2.70) | 1.47 | (1.05, 2.05) |
| Caregiver characteristics | | | | | Age (in years) | | | | | 18–30 | 1.0 | | | | 31–60 | 1.18 | (0.56, 2.49) | | | Above 60 | 1.63 | (0.72, 3.68) | | |
| Sex | | | | | Male | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | Female | 2.27 | (1.69, 3.04) | 1.97 | (1.05, 2.05) |
| Education level | | | | | Never attended | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | Primary incomplete | 2.66 | (1.32, 5.36) | 2.72 | (1.32, 5.62) | Primary complete | 1.42 | (1.01, 1.99) | 1.33 | (0.92, 1.93) | Postprimary | 7.42 | (1.78, 30.98) | 6.79 | (1.58, 29.25) |
| Marital status | | | | | Never been married | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | Married/cohabiting | 0.19 | (0.07, 0.54) | 0.30 | (0.11, 0.84) | Divorced/separated or widowed | 0.33 | (0.12, 0.90) | 0.37 | (0.13, 1.03) | Others | 0.20 | (0.05, 0.86) | 0.34 | (0.08, 1.39) |
| HIV status | | | | | Negative | 1.0 | | | | Positive | 0.98 | (0.69, 1.37) | | | Unknown | 1.03 | (0.64, 1.65) | | |
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