Research Article
Depressive Symptoms among People Living with HIV Attending ART Centers of Lumbini Province, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 4
Sociodemographic predictors of depression at selected ART centers in Lumbini province, 2020.
| Variables | Depression | COR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | Yes (%) | No (%) |
| Age of respondent | ≤40 | 48 (24.0) | 152 (76.0) | 1.08 | 0.96–1.21 | | | >40 | 61 (29.6) | 145 (70.4) | 1 | | | |
| Sex | Male | 55 (27.6) | 144 (72.4) | 1.08 | 0.69–1.67 | | | Female | 54 (26.1) | 153 (73.9) | 1 | | | |
| Ethnicity | Dalit | 16 (27.6) | 42 (72.4) | 0.98 | 0.48–1.98 | | | Janjati | 20 (18.5) | 88 (81.5) | 0.58 | 0.31–1.10 | | | Religious minorities | 40 (32.8) | 82 (67.2) | 1.25 | 0.72–2.18 | | | Upper | 33 (28.0) | 85 (72.0) | 1 | | | |
| Educational status | Literate | 44 (36.4) | 77 (63.6) | 0.82 | 0.71–0.95 | 0.24 | 0.10–0.61 | Illiterate | 65 (22.8) | 220 (77.2) | 1 | | 1 | |
| Occupational status | Unemployed | 27 (32.9) | 55 (67.1) | 3.28 | 1.63–6.60 | 1.51 | 0.51–4.42 | Agriculture | 39 (29.8) | 92 (70.2) | 2.83 | 1.48–5.40 | 1.63 | 0.60–4.37 | Labor/wage worker | 27 (38.6) | 43 (61.4) | 4.19 | 2.05–8.56 | 1.17 | 0.39–3.50 | Self/employed | 16 (13.0) | 107 (87.0) | 1 | | 1 | |
| Family type | Nuclear | 53 (21.5) | 194 (78.5) | 0.50 | 0.32–0.78 | 0.99 | 0.49–2.00 | Joint | 56 (35.2) | 103 (64.8) | 1 | | 1 | |
| Tobacco consumption | Yes | 29 (26.1) | 82 (73.9) | 0.95 | 0.57–1.55 | | | No | 80 (27.1) | 215 (72.9) | 1 | | | |
| Alcohol consumption | Yes | 33 (30.6) | 75 (69.4) | 1.28 | 0.79–2.08 | | | No | 76 (25.5) | 222 (74.5) | 1 | | | |
| Marital status | Married | 62 (24.0) | 196 (76.0) | 0.68 | 0.43–1.06 | | | Unmarried/widow/separated | 47 (31.8) | 101 (68.2) | 1 | | | |
| Wealth quintile | Poorest | 52 (64.2) | 29 (35.8) | 9.37 | 4.44–19.80 | 7.28 | 2.22–23.87 | Poorer | 23 (28.4) | 58 (71.6) | 2.07 | 0.96–4.45 | 2.23 | 0.77–6.47 | Middle | 11 (13.6) | 70 (86.4) | 0.82 | 0.34–1.96 | 0.82 | 0.29–2.32 | Richer | 10 (12.2) | 72 (87.8) | 0.72 | 0.29–1.76 | 0.65 | 0.21–1.98 | Richest | 13 (16.0) | 68 (84.0) | 1 | | 1 | |
| Age of respondent’s partner | ≤40 | 34 (23.0) | 114 (77.0) | 1.03 | 0.89–1.18 | | | >40 | 28 (25.5) | 82 (74.5) | 1 | | | |
| Educational status of respondent’s partner | Literate | 24 (30.4) | 55 (69.6) | 1.61 | 0.89–2.94 | | | Illiterate | 38 (21.2) | 141 (78.8) | 1 | | | |
| Occupational status of respondent’s partner | Unemployed | 22 (34.4) | 42 (65.6) | 3.37 | 1.41–8.06 | 2.05 | 0.76–5.53 | Agriculture | 22 (24.4) | 68 (75.6) | 2.08 | 0.89–4.88 | 1.32 | 0.45–3.91 | Labor/wage worker | 9 (24.3) | 28 (75.7) | 2.07 | 0.74–5.79 | 1.39 | 0.43–4.48 | Self/employed | 9 (13.4) | 58 (86.6) | 1 | | 1 | |
| Tobacco consumption by respondent’s partner | Yes | 10 (16.1) | 52 (83.9) | 0.53 | 0.25–1.12 | | | No | 52 (26.5) | 144 (73.5) | 1 | | | |
| Tobacco consumption by respondent’s partner | Yes | 14 (22.6) | 48 (77.4) | 0.89 | 0.45–1.77 | | | No | 48 (24.5) | 148 (75.5) | 1 | | | |
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Variables entered to multivariate regression model. Statistically significant at value <0.05, adjusted model. |