|
| Synthesis route | Magnetic source | Carbon source | Adsorbate | Adsorption capacity (mg/g) | pH | T (°C) | Magnetization (emu/g) | BET area (m2/g) | Reference |
|
| One-pot method | -- | CNTs | Rhodamine B
Congo red
Malachite green
Methylene blue
Neutral red | 28.0
52.0
76.0
82.0
101.0 | | 25 | 3.64 | 186.3 | [248] |
| Impregnation-pyrolisis | Fe3O4 | Empty fruit brunch | Methylene blue
Orange G | 31.25
32.36 | 2-10
10 | 25 | -- | -- | [170] |
| Impregnation method | Fe3O4 | Coconut shell-activated carbon | Sunset yellow | 22.3 | 3 – 10 | -- | 16.55-28.74 | 238-372 | [249] |
| Electromagnetization technique | Fe3O4 | Brown marine macroalgae | Acid orange 7 | 382 | 5 | 30 | 26.79 | 336.97 | [250] |
| Pyrolisis of SrFe12O19 and BC | SrFe12O19 | Sewage sludge | Malachite green | 388.65 | 7 | 25 | 11.11 | -- | [251] |
| Pyrolysis of rubber tires, impregnation with iron, and functionalization with polyethylenimine | Fe3O4 | Waste rubber tires | Methyl red | 526.0 | -- | 25 | -- | 153 | [102] |
| β-Cyclodextrin-L-glutamic acid-magnetic GO | Fe3O4 | Graphite | Estradiol | 85.80 | 7 | 25 | 90.43 | 298.9 | [252] |
| One step coprecipitation | Fe3O4 | Sludge | Acid orange 7 | 20.79 | 5.22 | 25 | 8.49 | 65.47 | [253] |
| Coprecipitation | Fe3O4 | Bone char | Reactive 5G blue | 91.58 | -- | 50 | 9.79 | 142.43 | [254] |
| Pyrolysis of bones at 500 °C, coprecipitation | Fe3O4 | Chicken bone | Rhodamine B | 109.66 | 2 – 10 | 26 | 64.7 | 328.06 | [171] |
| Magnetic BC by impregnation and direct pyrolysis | Zn ferrite | Rice straw | Estradiol | 153.2 | 5 | -- | 2.242 | 357.8 | [28] |
| Coprecipitation method | Fe3O4 | Pineapple crown leaf waste | Methyl violet | 16.76 | 5 | -- | 15.0 | 95.11-314.08 | [255] |
| Microwave method | γ-Fe2O3 | Sugarcane bagasse | Methylene blue | 36.14 | 2 – 10 | -- | -- | 54.49-109.07 | [256] |
| Thermal graphitization | Fe3O4 | Bamboo | Methylene blue | 286.6 | 2 – 10 | 25 | -- | -- | [257] |
| Impregnation of husk with ZnCl2, carbonization at 400 °C, wet impregnation of iron salt | Fe3O4 | Rice husk | Methylene blue
Methyl orange | 17.78
13.21 | 3 | 25 | -- | 375.02 | [2] |
| Pyrolysis of straw at 500 °C, impregnation with iron salt | Fe0 | Corn straw | Malachite green | 515.77 | 6 | 25 | 38.7 | 80.1 | [167] |
| Ball-mill extrusion with Fe3O4 | Fe3O4 | AC
BC | Methylene blue | 310.0
500.0 | -- | 25 | 33.8
34.9 | 75.4
90.6 | [258] |
| Pyrolysis at 650 °C, impregnation with iron salt, and carbonization at 900 °C | K2FeO4 | Lotus seedpod | Estradiol | 98.73 | 7 | 25 | 147 | 828.37 | [172] |
| Hummer method and exfoliation of GO | Fe3O4 | Graphite | Methylene blue
Orange G
Alizarine cyanine green | 91%
71%
70% | 7 | -- | -- | -- | [259] |
| Carbothermal magnetization by microwave-assisted impregnation with zinc and iron onto agriculture shell wastes | Zn ferrite | Walnut shell | Methylene blue | 130 | 7 | 25 | -- | 1000 | [260] |
| Coprecipitation method | Fe3O4 | GO and cellulose | Congo red
Acid red 1
Reactive red 2 | 45.09
47.32
46.21 | 3-6 | 30 | 8.9 | 197.8 | [168] |
| Pyrolysis at 700 °C and impregnation with iron salt and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide | Fe3O4 | Nut shells | Acid chrome blue K | 108.8 | 3 | 50 | 2.08 | -- | [261] |
| Direct mixing of the polymer matrix with the nanofillers | Fe3O4 | AC | Methylene blue | 10.63 | 6 | 35–65 | 1.2 | 8 | [262] |
| Hydrothermal carbonization | Fe3O4 and Fe0 | Carbohydrate | Methylene blue | 570 | | 25 | 8 | 766 | [263] |
| Sol-gel and coprecipitation | Spinel ferrite | Ethylene glycol | 60Cobalt
152+154Europium | 82.51
136.98 | 9 | 25 | -- | -- | [177] |
| Coprecipitation | Fe3O4 | GO | Cesium | 362 | 7 | 25 | -- | -- | [176] |
|
