Enhanced Ciprofloxacin Removal from Aqueous Solution Using a Chemically Modified Biochar Derived from Bamboo Sawdust: Adsorption Process Optimization with Response Surface Methodology

Table 1

The independent variables and their levels in the CCD experimental design.

Factors		Levels			Star points
Actual	Coded	Low (-1)	Central (0)	High (+)	-α	+α
CIP initial concentration (mg L^-1)	A	20	30	40	10	50
Adsorbent dosage (g L^-1)	B	0.5	0.75	1.00	0.125	1.25
pH	C	5.25	7.5	9.75	3	12
Contact time (min)	D	18.75	30.00	46.25	5	60