[Retracted] Recent Review of Titania-Clay-Based Composites Emerging as Advanced Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Degradation of Dyes over the Last Decade

Table 5

Summary of preparation and photocatalytic degradation of TiO₂-clay composites over the last decade.

Photocatalyst	Preparation	Photocatalysis	Source	Removal efficiency (%)	Reference
TiO2-Spt	Sol-gel	ARG	UV	99.2	[114]
TiO2-Knt	Hydrolysis	AO7	UV-Vis	60	[115]
TiO2-Rtr	Sol-gel	ARG	UV	98	[116]
TiO2-Atp-AgBr	Impregnation	MB	Solar	98.8	[117]
TiO2-Rtr	Intercalation	ARG	UV	18	[118]
TiO2-Mnt-PMMA	Emulsion polymerization/sputtering	MB	UV	29.3	[119]
TiO2-Mnt-V	Sol-gel	SRhB	Vis	67.1	[120]
TiO2-Lpt	Intercalation	ARB	UV	98.3	[121]
TiO2-Bnt-Ce	Sol-gel	NR	Solar	99	[122]
TiO2-Bnt	Pillarization	MO	UV	98.8	[123]
TiO2-Mnt	Pillarization	MB	UV-Vis	98	[124]
TiO2-Mnt	Pillarization	MO	UV	98.08	[125]
TiO2-Portuguese clay	Immobilization	MB	UV	96.5	[126]
TiO2-Mnt-Pan	Sono-chemical	AB	Vis light	59	[127]
TiO2-Ht	Low temperature	GV	Vis light	60	[128]
TiO2-Bnt	Sol-gel	AR 3R	UV	96.7	[129]
TiO2-Mnt-Ptp	Intercalation/polymerization	Rh 6G	Solar/ultrasound/UV	96	[130]
TiO2-Plg	Sol-gel	OG	UV	96	[131]
TiO2-Tunisian clay	Impregnation	RB 19	UV	99	[132]
TiO2-Mnt	Impregnation	CV	UV A	97.1	[133]
TiO2-Atp-BiOBr	In situ deposition	MO	Vis light	96.8	[134]
TiO2-Svs	Solvothermal	OG	UV	80	[135]
TiO2-Sep-Au	Sol-gel	MO	UV	90	[136]
TiO2-Plg-CdS	Hydrolysis	MB	Vis	37	[137]
TiO2-Spt-Ag2O	Sol-gel+impregnation	ARG	Vis	98	[138]
TiO2-Bnt-Fe3O4	Co-precipitation/sol-gel	MB	UV	90	[139]
TiO2-C-N-Ht	Precipitation/recrystallization	MB	Solar	95	[140]
TiO2-Y^3+-Mnt	Acid-sol	MO	UV/Vis	65	[141]
TiO2-AM-Ht	Biosynthesis	MB	UV	90	[142]
TiO2-Spt	Hydrothermal	OG	UV	98.8	[143]
TiO2-Ivorian clay	Hydrothermal sol-gel	MO	UV	60	[144]
TiO2-Spt	Sol-gel	Es	UV	72	[145]