Studies on Synthesis and Characterization of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ru Hybrid Magnetic Composites for Reusable Photocatalytic Application

Table 3

Comparison of photodegradation of MR using different photocatalysts.

Photocatalysts	Preparation method	Light irradiated	Lamp power (W)	Catalyst dose	Irradiation time (min)	Degradation (%)	Ref.
Titania–alumina–zinc ferrite	Multistep wet chemical process	UV light	8 W	100 mg	15 hrs	90	[75]
NiCo2O4 fibers	C-precipitation decomposition method	Visible light	500 W xenon lamp	0.12 g	120	95	[76]
TiO2	Pechini method	UV light	15 W mercury vapor lamp	20 mg/L	24 hrs	89	[77]
WO3 thin films	Chemical spray pyrolysis	Visible light	500 W	0.125 M	160	97	[78]
Fe3O4 NPs	Sonochemical	UV light	8 W–Hg vapor lamp	0.075 g/L	60	60	[79]
Cu2O/ZnO nanocomposite	Coprecipitation & thermal decomposition	Sunlight	Sunlight	18 mg/L	180	90	[80]
Porous zinc hydroxide	Sol–gel	Visible light	3 W white LED lamp	2.5 g/L	180	89	[81]
CNT/ZnO nanocomposite	Sol-gel	Sunlight	Sun light	20 mg/L	30	80	[82]
Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru HMNCs	Multistep wet chemical process	UV light	8 W Hg lamp	10 mg	150	91	PM