Sustainable Downstream Separation of Itaconic Acid Using Carbon-Based Adsorbents

Table 1

Taguchi L₉ experimental design used to prepare chars (CSS) and activated carbons (CSK) from the coconut shell biomass for the separation of itaconic acid from aqueous solution.

Sample No.	Pyrolysis conditions^±		KOH concentration, M^†
	Temperature, °C	Dwell time, h
1	600	2	0.1
2	600	3	0.3
3	600	4	0.5
4	750	2	0.3
5	750	3	0.5
6	750	4	0.1
7	900	2	0.5
8	900	3	0.1
9	900	4	0.3

^±CSS adsorbents were obtained from biomass pyrolysis. ^†CSK adsorbents implied the KOH activation of CSS samples.