Procalcitonin: A Key Marker in Children with Urinary Tract Infection

Table 3

Studies on prediction accuracy of procalcitonin for vesicoureteral reflux in children with urinary tract infection.

Study	City, country	𝑛	All-grade VUR			High-grade VUR
			aOR*	Sensitivity	Specificity	OR	Sensitivity	Specificity
Prevur II study [34]	Paris, France	136	4.9 (1.7–14.0)	85% (70–94)	44% (35–54)	8.7 (1.2–382)	92% (65–99)	44% (35–54)
Prevur III study [36]	Multicentre	398	2.5 (1.4–4.4)	75% (66–83)	43% (37–48)	24.7 (1.5–415)^†	100% (81–100)	43% (37–48)
Prevur IIIb study [37]	Multicentre	526	—	—	—	2.5 (1.1–5.4)*	83% (71–91)	43% (38–47)
Prevur V study** [38]	Multicentre	494	—	—	—	5.2 (2.4–11.3)	86% (74–93)	47% (42–51)

*aOR: Adjustment on usual cofactors of interest: age, gender, family history, renal ultrasonography results, and urine collection techniques (in Prevur III study [36]), or early DMSA scan results (in Prevur IIIb study [37]).
**This study built a rule combining PCT and ureteral dilation on renal ultrasonography and studied its prediction accuracy for high-grade VUR.
^†Relationship between high PCT and grade 4 and 5 VUR.
All results were given with the 95% confidence interval in brackets.
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; VUR, vesicoureteral reflux.