Methylation Markers for Urine-Based Detection of Bladder Cancer: The Next Generation of Urinary Markers for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Bladder Cancer

Table 3

Performance of DNA methylation markers in studies that include patients with suspicion of bladder cancer and patients previously diagnosed with bladder cancer.

Test	Method	Patients^a/ studies	Sensitivity, %	Specificity, %	Interference by other bladder conditions	Reference
PMF1	MSP	118/1	65	95	No	[58, 62]
Myopodin	MSP	164/1	65	80	No	[57]
RASSF1A	MSP	24/1	50	100	Not done	[70]
DAPK, RARβ, E-cadherin, and p16	MSP	39/1	91	76	Not done	[71]
IRF8, p14, and sFRP1	qMSP	49/1	87	95	No information	[63]
MYO3A, CA10, NKX6-2, DBC1, and SOX11 or PENK	qMSP	238/1	85	95	No	[64]
GDF15, TMEFF2, and VIM	qMSP	110/1	94	90	Not done	[72]
APC, RASSF1A, and p14^ARF	MSP	66/1	87	100	No	[73]
DAPK, BCL2, and TERT	qMSP	57/1	78	100	Not done	[42, 74]
CDKN2A, ARF, MGMT, and GSTP1	qMSP	269/1	69	100	No	[41, 75]
RASSF1A, p14, and E-cadherin	MSP	66/1	80	100	Not done	[76]
ZNF154, HOXA9, POU4F2, and EOMES	MS-HRM	174/1	84	96	No	[38, 65]
TWIST1 and NID2	qMSP	278/1	90	93	No	[66]
APC, RASFF1A, RARB, DBC1, SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5	qMSP	146/1	52	100	No	[67]
SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5, VIF-1, and DKK3	MSP	264/1	61.1	93.3	Not done	[50, 68]
BCL2 and hTERT	qMSP	213/1	76	98	No	[21]
RASSF1a, E-cad, and APC	qMSP	104/1	69	60	No	[39, 69]
SALL3, CFTR, ABCC6, HPR1, RASSF1A, MT1A, RUNX3, ITGA4, BCL2, ALX4, MYOD1, DRM, CDH13, BMP3B, CCNA1, RPRM, MINT1, and BRCA1	MSP	159/1	92	88	No	[77]

^aIncluding both patients with BC and individuals with no history of bladder cancer.
^bNot applicable.