|
Reference
Year | Type of preclinical model | Wavelength
Type of laser source | Energy (Joules)
Power (Watt)
Time (seconds) | Type of imagery control | Delay between procedure and histopathologic examination | Dimension of thermal necrosis | Conclusions |
|
| Johnson et al. 1994 [2] | Dog (x9) | 1064 nm
(Neodymium YAG) | 3000 J
10 W
300 sec | No imagery control | 3 hours to 35 days | 13–20 × 17–25 mm
(median: 15 × 23 mm) | Immediate coagulation > 60°C
Progressive coagulation 42–60°C |
| Peters et al. 2000 [3] | Dog (x2) | 830 nm (diode laser) | 449–751 J
10–15 W
180–300 sec | 1.5 T MRI control
(thermometry) | 4 hours and 24 hours | 120–260 mm3 | Feasibility of MRI guidance and thermal monitoring |
| Fuentes et al. 2009 [4] | Dog (x2) | 980 nm
(diode laser) | 450 J
5 W
90 s | 1.5 T MRI control
(thermometry, cellular damage, HSP production and cell viability planification) | immediately after | >12 × 12 × 12 mm | Good correlation between cellular damage
planification and histopathology |
| Stafford et al. 2010 [5] | Dog (x7)
5 without tumour
2 with orthotopic tumour | 980 nm
(diode laser) | 462–3460 J
4–14.3 W
40–524 s | 1.5 T MRI control
(thermometry, cellular damage planification) | immediately after | 12.4–26.7 × 11.4–15.5 mm
(median: 19–13.7 mm) | Accuracy of MRI template guidance
Excellent correlation of planification with histopathology |
Colin et al.
Marqa et al. 2011 [6, 7] | Rat (x10)
with heterotopic tumour | 980 nm
(diode laser) | 375 J
5 W
75 s | 7.0 T MRI control
(cellular damage planification) | 48 hours | 923–1125 mm3
(median: 974 mm3) | Reproducibility for one level of energy
Good correlation of planification and histopathology |
| Fuentes et al. 2009 [4] | Ex vivo canine prostate in 1% agar gel | 980 nm
(diode laser) | 240 J
8 W
30 s | 1.5 T MRI control
(thermometry, cellular damage planification) | — | — | MRI calibration for in vivo experiments |
| Lindner et al. 2010 [10] | Gelatine phantom
With tumor target of 5 cm3 | 980 nm
(diode laser) | — | 1.5 T MRI control
(thermometry)
ultrasonography
CT scan
Fluoroptic temperature probes | — | — | MRI, US, CTS
compatible phantom
Good correlation between MRI and fluoroptic thermometry |
| Woodrum et al. 2010 [11] | Cadavers (x5)
3 fixed in Formaldehyde
2 fresh | 980 nm
(diode laser) | 1800–3600 J
15–30 W
120 s | 3.0 T MRI control (thermometry and cellular damage planification) | — | 22–27 × 23–28 mm | Feasibility of transperineal 3.0 T MRI guidance and real-time control |
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