Is Metabolic Syndrome Truly a Risk Factor for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms or Just an Epiphenomenon?

Table 3

Relative risk for lower urinary tract symptoms based on demographic and metabolic parameters.

Categorical variables	LUTS mild (𝑛=350)	LUTS moderate/severe (𝑛=140)	Relative risk (95% CI)
Age > 60 years	125 (36%)	133 (95%)	17.08 (8.16 to 35.78)
BMI > 30 kg/m^2	91 (26%)	137 (98%)	52.48 (16.95 to 162.46)
AC > 102 cm	91 (26%)	40 (28%)	1.10 (0.81 to 1.49)
TG > 150 mg/dL	137 (39%)	47 (33%)	0.84 (0.62 to 1.13)
HDL < 40 mg/dL	141 (40%)	74 (53%)	1.43 (1.08 to 1.90)
Gly > 110 mg/dL	88 (25%)	39 (28%)	1.10 (0.81 to 1.50)
SBP > 13 cm Hg	136 (39%)	80 (57%)	1.69 (1.27 to 2.24)
DBP > 8 cm Hg	107 (30%)	56 (40%)	1.34 (1.00 to 1.77)
Prostate > 40 cm^3	89 (25%)	50 (36%)	1.40 (1.05 to 1.86)

LUTS: lower urinary tract symptoms; BMI: body mass index; AC: abdominal circumference; TG: triglycerides; HDL: high density cholesterol; Gly: glycemia; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure.