Surgical Approaches to Supradiaphragmatic Segment of IVC and Right Atrium through Abdominal Cavity during Intravenous Tumor Thrombus Removal

Table 3

Safety analysis of different approaches to the supradiaphragmatic IVC.

Safety	Safe		Risky		Trauma		Average (points)
	(N)	(%)	(N)	(%)	(N)	(%)
Transverse diaphragmotomy	4	11.4	28	80	3	8.6	51.4
T-shaped diaphragmotomy	21	60	14	40	0	0	80
Circular diaphragmotomy	11	31.4	22	62.9	2	5.7	62.9
IVC isolation in the pericardium	6	17.1	29	82.9	0	0	58.6