Pharmacological Relaxation of the Ureter When Using Ureteral Access Sheaths during Ureterorenoscopy: A Randomized Feasibility Study in a Porcine Model

Table 2

Results of ISO irrigation group. > 1 s = the highest force measured in newton (N) for more than 1 second. In the ureteral lesion column, more than one number indicates more than one lesion.

Study ID	UAS/dilator size (Fr.)	Effect (insertion)	> 1 s before irrigation (N)	> 1 s after irrigation (N)	Ureteral lesions (PULS grade)
2	15	Yes	2.4	5.0	0
4	15	Yes	5.4	5.2	1
9	18	Yes	7.8	N/A	1 + 1 + 2 + 2
10	18	Yes	4.4	N/A	2
11	18	No	4.3	N/A	2 + 3
12	15	Yes	6.0	5.6	2
15	15	No	5.6	6.9	1 + 1
16	15	Yes	3.8	4.4	0
17	15	No	4.9	6.6	0
21	15	No	6.5	5.2	1 + 3
22	15	Yes	5.4	8.3	2 + 2 + 1