Urinary Bladder Cancer in Egypt: Are There Gender Differences in Its Histopathological Presentation?

Table 3

Unadjusted and adjusted (multivariable regression model) associations between male gender and different variables among squamous and urothelial cell carcinoma cases in Egypt.

Variable	Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)		Urothelial cell carcinoma (UC)
	OR (95% CI)^1	AOR (95% CI)^2	OR (95% CI)^1	AOR (95% CI)^3
Tumor grade
1 + 2	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
3	1.64 (1.06–2.54)	0.82 (0.38–1.79)	0.99 (0.72–1.34)
Presence of SH^4 ova
No	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	2.38 (1.64–3.45)	2.12 (1.15–3.89)	2.02 (1.38–2.96)	3.78 (1.89–7.55)
Age
≤55 years	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
>55 years	2.25 (1.63–3.12)	2.40 (1.32–4.36)	1.31 (0.95–1.79)	3.44 (1.73–6.83)
Smoking
Never	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Ever	43.99 (16.97–114.05)	24.89 (8.58–72.21)	106.00 (30.28–371.10)	40.55 (9.13–180.12)
Residence
North	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
South	2.20 (1.30–3.73)	3.31 (1.14–9.69)	0.94 (0.61–1.45)

¹Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval); ²adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) in the multivariable model that included the variables listed in the left column in addition to education and secondhand smoke; ³adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) in the multivariable model that included the variables in the left column (except residence and tumor grade), education, and secondhand smoke; ⁴Schistosoma haematobium; whenever smoking was assessed, pack-year for ever-smokers was included in the model.