Utilization of Radiographic Imaging for Infant Hydronephrosis over the First 12 Months of Life

Table 2

Association between total imaging use in infancy and initial postnatal ultrasound grade of hydronephrosis.

	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	Rate ratio (95% CI)	value	Rate ratio (95% CI)	value
Initial hydronephrosis grade
Mild	Ref		Ref
Moderate	1.55 (1.44–1.68)	<0.001	1.57 (1.42–1.73)	<0.001
Severe	2.15 (1.97–2.34)	<0.001	2.09 (1.88–2.32)	<0.001
Delivery
Premature	0.94 (0.85–1.03)	0.19	1.07 (0.96–1.19)	0.23
Term	Ref		Ref
Gender
Male	1.02 (0.95–1.09)	0.62	1.02 (0.94–1.11)	0.63
Female	Ref		Ref
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic	0.99 (0.91–1.07)	0.74	1.08 (0.96–1.20)	0.21
White	Ref		Ref
Others	0.97 (0.86–1.09)	0.58	1.02 (0.87–1.19)	0.83
Insurance status
Private/commercial	Ref		Ref
Medicaid	0.96 (0.90–1.03)	0.25	0.93 (0.85–1.02)	0.15
Public employee/military	1.11 (0.95–1.31)	0.19	1.04 (0.86–1.27)	0.67
Residence
Rural	0.91 (0.80–1.04)	0.18	0.81 (0.68–0.97)	0.02
Urban	Ref		Ref
No. of non-GU comorbidities
0	Ref		Ref
1	1.18 (1.07–1.29)	0.001	1.07 (0.96–1.19)	0.25
2	1.03 (0.88–1.21)	0.71	0.99 (0.82–1.20)	0.93
3+	0.79 (0.69–0.91)	0.001	0.86 (0.73–1.01)	0.06