Research Article
Removal of the Tumor Thrombus from the Right Atrium without Extracorporeal Circulation: Emphasis on the Displacement of the Tumor Apex
Table 2
Characteristics of surgical procedures and complications.
| | | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 |
| | Thrombus atrial part length (mm) | 35 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 30 | | Piggy-back liver mobilization | + | + | + | + | + | | Anterior phrenic veins transection | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | | Posterior phrenic veins transection | 1 | − | − | − | − | | Transpericardial approach | + | − | − | − | + | | Successful external thrombus displacement | + | + | + | + | + | | BP reduction during upper IVC clamping (mmHg) | 20 | − | 20 | 10 | 20 | | Supradiaphragmatic IVC clamping time (min) | 3 | 12 | 3 | 8 | 2 | | Major hepatic veins injury | + | − | − | + | − | | Supradiaphragmatic IVC injury | − | − | + | − | − | | Liver injury | − | − | + | − | − | | Diaphragm injury | − | − | − | + | − | | Other intraoperative complications | − | A. iliaca injury | − | − | − | | Longitudinal IVC resection | − | + | + | + | − | | Surgery time (min) | 220 | 320 | 280 | 260 | 280 | | Blood loss volume (ml) | 2500 | 5600 | 3800 | 2800 | 3000 | | Packed red blood cell transfusion volume (U) | 5 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 6 | | Postoperative complications | − | IVC thrombosis | − | Intestinal obstruction | − |
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