Role and Utility of Mixed Reality Technology in Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Outcomes of a Prospective RCT Using an Indigenously Developed Software

Table 1

Descriptive analysis of preoperative features.

	Control	Experimental	value
Number of patients	24	23	—
Gender, no. (%)
Male	10 (41.7)	10 (43.5)	0.90
Female	14 (58.3)	13 (56.5)
Age (y), mean (SD)	58.7 (11.4)	58 (10.4)	0.83
BMI (kg/m^2), mean (SD)	28.1 (5.51)	28.3 (3.65)	0.83
HB preoperative (g/l), mean (SD)	137 (10.3)	134 (10.7)	0.26
GFR preoperative (ml/min), median (IQR)	100 (56.6)	102 (35.9)	0.62
Creatinine preoperative mcmol/l, median (IQR)	68.5 (13)	76 (27.1)	0.05
Kidney face, no. (%)
Anterior	14 (58.3)	16 (69.6)	0.42
Posterior	10 (41.7)	7 (30.4)
Kidney rim, no. (%)
Lateral	11 (45.8)	11 (47.8)	0.89
Medial	13 (54.2)	12 (52.2)
Kidney pole, no. (%)
Superior pole	4 (16.7)	9 (39.1)	0.09
Mesorenal location	12 (50)	5 (21.7)
Inferior pole	8 (33)	9 (39.1)
Side, no. (%)
Left	14 (58.3)	12 (52.2)	0.67
Right	10 (41.7)	11 (47.8)
Tumor size (mm), median (IQR)	27 (18.5)	33 (6)	0.21
PADUA score, median (IQR)	8 (3.25)	8 (2.5)	0.89