The Antiviral Effect of High-Molecular Weight Poly-Gamma-Glutamate against Newcastle Disease Virus on Murine Macrophage Cells

Figure 3

Ability of HM--PGA to induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion in murine macrophage cell line. Cells were treated with medium only, HM--PGA (1 mg/mL), and 100 ng/mL of LPS. The time-dependent changes in cytokine secretion after treatment were determined by ELISA (a) IFN-; (b) proinflammatory cytokines. The data show representative means ± SD of each murine cytokine measured over time from three independent assays.

(a)

(b)