Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies on the Adsorption of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution by Modified Biomass Ash

Figure 4

Sorption kinetics: concentration and removal (%) of Cd²⁺ from aqueous solution versus sorption time (initial concentrations of Cd²⁺, 100 mg/L; biomass ash concentration, 2 g/L; = 30°C; initial pH 5.0).