Pharmacological and Toxicological Threshold of Bisammonium Tetrakis 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)pyridinium Decavanadate in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance
Table 1
Induction of the dyslipidemia and dysglycemia model.
15 days fitting-out
1 month
2 months
5001 ()
5001 ()
5008 ()
5001 ()
5008 ()
Weight (g)
158 ± 6.3
230 ± 7.0
270 ± 5.0 ▲
323 ± 8.7
388 ± 11.4 ▲
Height (cm)
15.3 ± 0.6
20.3 ± 1.7
21.4 ± 1.4
23.2 ± 0.8
24.2 ± 1.1
Abdominal perimeter (cm)
13.9 ± 0.4
15.4 ± 0.6
16.8 ± 0.9
17.6 ± 0.7
18.9 ± 1.1
BMI (g/cm2)
0.68 ± 0.07
0.57 ± 0.08
0.59 ± 0.08
0.59 ± 0.03
0.66 ± 0.04
% body fat (Lee index)
34.7 ± 0.9
29.8 ± 2.2
29.8 ± 1.8
29.2 ± 0.9
29.6 ± 1.1
Glucose (mg/dL)
106.0 ± 4.1
104.9 ± 4.5
174.3 ± 3.6 ▲
104.1 ± 6.8
206.3 ± 4.5 ▲
Fructosamine (mmol/L)
40.8 ± 0.8
42.8 ± 1.3
55.3 ± 2.1 ▲
43.2 ± 0.5
60.3 ± 2.3 ▲
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
58.4 ± 3.4
75.0 ± 1.5
104.7 ± 6.7 ▲
70.0 ± 8.2
119.6 ± 5.5 ▲
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
86.8 ± 1.9
75.2 ± 1.9
72.5 ± 1.4
78.0 ± 2.3
80.0 ± 2.5
HDL (mg/dL)
45.7 ± 1.2
49.1 ± 1.7
41.3 ± 1.0 ▼
45.1 ± 2.0
38.5 ± 1.0 ▼
Insulin (μUI/mL)
15.3 ± 0.5
13.3 ± 0.8
25.9 ± 2.1 ▲
15.5 ± 1.1
33.8 ± 4.2 ▲
HOMA-IR
0.67 ± 0.04
0.58 ± 0.06
1.86 ± 0.19 ▲
0.67 ± 0.09
2.88 ± 0.42 ▲
IDA-IR
0.11 ± 0.01
0.18 ± 0.01
0.4 ± 0.02 ▲
0.19 ± 0.03
0.49 ± 0.01 ▲
Results shown are the average ± SEM. ▲ indicates a significant difference with values above the control group with a normal calorie diet. ▼ indicates a significant difference with values below the control group with a normal calorie diet. Comparisons between groups were performed by Student’s t-test. BMI = body mass index; HDL = high density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; IDA-IR = insulin resistance adipocyte dysfunction.
