Silver Nanoparticle Production by Ruta graveolens and Testing Its Safety, Bioactivity, Immune Modulation, Anticancer, and Insecticidal Potentials

Table 1

Antibacterial potentials of the Ruta graveolens leaf extract and extract containing AgNPs.

Treatments	Inhibition zone (mm)
	Bacterial strains
	E. coli	P. mirabilis	S. aureus	Sh. flexneri
Extract	6.33 ± 0.58^c	6.67 ± 1.15^c	6.33 ± 0.58^c	7.33 ± 1.15^c
Extract + AgNPs	16.33 ± 1.52^b	15.00 ± 1.00^b	13.00 ± 1.00^b	12.67 ± 0.58^b
Control (positive)	21.67 ± 1.15^a	20.33 ± 0.58^a	22.67 ± 1.15^a	20.00 ± 1.00^a
Control (negative)	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d

Inhibition zones are presented as an average of triplicate ± SD. Means with the same superscript letters indicate nonsignificant differences.