Synthesis and Characterization of Green Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Antiproliferative Effects through Apoptosis Induction and MicroRNA Modulation in Breast Cancer Cells

Figure 1

The green synthesized ZnO-NP characterization data. (a) The UV-vis spectra of the reaction mixture containing S. officinalis-mediated ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). (b) Size distribution of S. officinalis ZnO-NPs as analyzed by DLS. The result showed that the nanoparticles are well dispersed, and the nanoparticles’ average size is 31.5 nm. (c) The XRD pattern of S. officinalis ZnO-NPs. The nanoparticles’ XRD pattern revealed distinct peaks at 31.73°, 34.39°, 36.22°, 47.51°, 56.56°, 62.81°, 66.29°, 67.91°, and 68.98°. Consequently, the XRD pattern confirmed that the ZnO-NPs have a crystalline structure. (d) FTIR of S. officinalis ZnO-NPs. The peaks recognized in the nanoparticle solution describe the operative groups of the chemical compounds of S. officinalis that decreased zinc to produce the nanoparticles. (e) The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) view of S. officinalis ZnO-NPs. The formed ZnO-NPs were observed with a scanning electron microscope to identify their forms and sizes. Based on the microscopic image, the nanoparticles have a spherical shape. (f) Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra of S. officinalis ZnO-NPs. The absorption peak found around the 1 keV shows zinc oxide nanoparticles’ configuration and appearance in the reaction mixture. (g) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of S. officinalis ZnO-NPs. The image of AFM shows that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticle diameter was 1.6 nm. (h) Zeta potential graph of S. officinalis ZnO-NPs. The zeta potential evaluated the stability of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. The zeta potential of the nanoparticles was found to be −23.5 mV, which indicates the nanoparticles are almost stable.

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