The Emerging Role of Nanomedicine in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review

Table 1

Nanoformulation approaches designed to improve treatment efficiency in NAFLD.

Nanoparticle	Advantages		Payload	References
Nanoemulsion	Simple preparation method, transparent, stable over the time		Pumpkin seed oil, vitamin D, cuminaldehyde, silymarin, carotenoid	[25, 30, 32, 36, 37, 39, 43]
Liposome	FDA-approved, biocompatibility, biodegradability, the ability to carry a large payload		Fenofibrate, biacalin, deoxyschizandrin, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), curcumin	[48, 49, 54, 57, 66]
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS)	Improve oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs		Silymarin, silybin	[68, 70, 71]
Micelles	Excellent stability, reproducible scale-up, wide drug loading range		Xanthohumol, SKLB023, resveratrol	[77, 78, 87]
Polymeric nanoparticle	FDA-approved, biocompatibility, versatility		Curcumin, resveratrol, rapamycin, fenofibrate, bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM-I), siRNA	[91–93, 96, 99, 100]
Nanogel	Biocompatibility, controlled release systems		Hydroxytyrosol (HT)	[102]
Other nanoparticles	Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs)	Hepatoprotective effect	siRNA, gene delivery, curcumin	[104, 109, 116, 120]
	Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs)	Induction of apoptosis in macrophages
	Biguanide incorporated chitosan particles	Gene transfection efficiency, exert similarly biological activity as metformin
	Albumin-based nanoparticle	Biodegradability, nontoxicity, nonimmunogenicity