Review Article

[Retracted] A Review of Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Food by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Table 2

A summary of various antibiotic drugs that have been analyzed in foods by using SERS with various active substrates.

AntibioticsAnalytesSubstratesMatrixesLimit of detectionRef.

SulfonamidesSulfamethoxazoleRGO/Ag-coated alloy fibersTissue mimic4.4 ng·cm−3[32]
Sulfadiazine
SulfamerazineAuNPsMuscle foods100 ppb[33]
Sulfamethazine
SulfamethoxazoleAg NPsHuman urine1.7 μg/mL[34]
QuinolonesLevofloxacinAu@Ag core-shell nanorodsFood animal products0.37 ng/L[35]
EnrofloxacinDendritic Ag NPs50% ethanol solution20 ppb[36]
CiprofloxacinHydrochloric acid solution
MoxifloxacinCommercial substratesAnimal urine0.085 μg/mL[37]
BenzylpenicillinAg NPsWater1 × 10−7 mol/L[38]
CarbenicillinAg NPDrinking water samples0.63 × 10−8 mol/L[39]
DanofloxacinAg-TiO2Water3.16 × 10−11 mol/L[40]
Enoxacin3.15 × 10−10 mol/L
Penicillin G sodiumAgNPs/ACAqueous solution5.09 × 10−11 M[41]
AmpicillinAg NPsMilk10 ppb[42]
AmoxicillinThree-dimensional ZnO/Ag-9Water10−9 M[43]
ChloramphenicolsChloramphenicolAu@Ag nanoparticlesAquatic products0.36 ng/mL[44]
Thiamphenicol0.20 ng/mL
Florfenicol0.78 ng/mL
TetracyclinesTetracyclineMNs-aptamer/cDNA-APSDeionized water0.001 ng/ml[45]
DoxycyclineOTR202 and OTR103Duck meat1.346 mg/L[46]
CephalosporinsCeftriaxoneCaCO3-CuNPDeionized water5 μM[47]
CefazolinCuNPsHuman urine7.5 μg/mL[48]
Cefoperazone
Ceftriaxone
LincomycinsKanamycinGraphene-gold nanocompositeDrinking water, orange juice, and milk0.75 nM[49]
Au@Ag NPs-4MBAMilk142 pg/mL[50]
MethylimidazolesMetronidazoleAg NRsUltrapure water10 μg/mL[51]
Ronidazole1 μg/mL
MetronidazoleTap water10 μg/mL
Ronidazole10 μg/mL
MetronidazoleMetronidazole lake water50 μg/mL
Ronidazole10 μg/mL
MetronidazoleSwamp water50 μg/mL
Ronidazole10 μg/mL
MetronidazoleEnvironmental soil10 μg/mL
Ronidazole2 μg/mL
MacrolidesErythromycinAg NPsMixture of distilled water and ethanol2.38 × 10−6 mol/l[52]
OxytetracyclineOxytetracyclineAgNPsHoney and other food samples5 ppb[53]
AminoglycosidesNeomycinAuNPsMilk0.216 pg/mL[54]
NitrofuransFuradantinAu-NPsFood5 ppm[55]
Furaltadone