Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles within Soft Denture Liners against Oral Pathogens

Table 2

Biofilm formation of C. albicans and Streptococcus spp. strains on the soft denture liner disks containing different concentrations of CuO NPs.

Microbial species	Biofilm formation in different concentrations of CuO NPs (%) ± SD
	0 (µg mL^−1)	0.5 (µg mL^−1)	5.0 (µg mL^−1)	50 (µg mL^−1)	500 (µg mL^−1)
C. albicans (CBS 10261)	100	87 ± 5.3	72 ± 2.9	50 ± 2.6	25 ± 2.9
S. mutans (ATCC35668)	100	95 ± 4.8	82 ± 4.1	66 ± 3.9	70 ± 6.3
S. sobrinus (ATCC27607)	100	83 ± 6.1	75 ± 5.1	62 ± 4.1	37 ± 5.1
S. salivarius (ATCC9222)	100	90 ± 3.1	89 ± 4.6	65 ± 5.1	40 ± 4.9

Note: ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; CBS: Centraal Bureau Voor Schimmelcultures; SD: standard deviation.