Research Article
Plant Extract Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent-Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Effects
Table 3
Characterization of the main compounds of the grape pomace extract using their spectral characteristics in HPLC-DAD (Rt, λmax, and MS2).
| Peak | Rt/min | Mode of ionization [M+H]+/[M−H]− | Fragments MS2 | UV-Vis max | Compound | Percentage | Solvent | DES-1 | DES-2 | Water |
| Anthocyanins | 9 | 15.2 | 465/— | 303 | 277, 560 | Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside | 5.1 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 10 | 16.4 | 595/— | 449, 287 | 280, 540 | Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 11 | 16.6 | —/493 | 311 | 278, 528 | Malvidin 3-O-glucoside | 7.1 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 12 | 17.1 | 479/— | 317 | 278, 527 | Petunidin 3-O-glucoside | 6.5 | 6.0 | 4.7 |
| Phenolic acids | 1 | 1.8 | —/169 | 125, 107, 97, 79 | 325 | Gallic acid | 10.8 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 2 | 4.7 | —/153 | 109 | 325 | Protocatechuic acid | 5.2 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 3 | 5.0 | —/137 | 93 | 325 | p-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 4 | 5.2 | —/295 | 163 | 325 | Coutaric acid | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 5 | 6.4 | —/179 | 135 | 325 | Caffeic acid | 8.7 | 6.5 | 12.8 | 6 | 7.3 | —/289 | 245 | 325 | Epicatechin | 10.2 | 8.1 | 5.2 | 7 | 7.7 | —/197 | 153/182 | 325 | Syringic acid | 4.2 | 4.0 | 5.8 | 8 | 8.0 | —/163 | 119 | 325 | p-Coumaric acid | 3.1 | 2.7 | 3.0 |
| Anthoxanthins and stilbenes | 13 | 20.3 | —/289 | 245 | 276 | (+)-Catechin | 9.5 | 8.1 | 5.6 | 14 | 20.5 | —/463 | 300, 255, 151 | 354 | Quercetin-3-O-glucoside | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 15 | 23.8 | —/609 | 300 | 354 | Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 16 | 24.5 | —/447 | 284, 255, 227 | 354 | Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 17 | 25.0 | —/301 | 301, 151 | 254 | Quercetin | 4.3 | 3.7 | 2.5 |
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Verified with pure standard. Rt: retention time. |