Metabolic Control Analysis: A Tool for Designing Strategies to Manipulate Metabolic Pathways

Table 1

Overexpression of glycolytic enzymes in different cell types.

Cell type	Enzyme	Activity (overexpression fold)	Flux (% Control)	Reference
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	HK	13.9	107	[12]
	PFK-1	3.5, 3.7,5	102	[9, 10, 12]
	PYK	8.6	107	[12]
	PDC	3.7	85	[13]
	ADH	4.8	89	[12]
	PFK-1 + PYK	5.6 + 1.3	107	[12]
	GAPDH + PGK + PGAM + ENO + PYK + PDC + ADH	1.4 + 1.7 + 16 + 4 + 10.4 + 1.08 + 1.4	121	[12]
	GAPDH + PGK + PGAM + ENO + PYK + PDC + ADH	1.5 + 1.4 + 3.4 + 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.1 + 1.2	94	[11, 14]
Escherichia coli	PFK	8.7	72	[15]
	PYK	2.9, 4.2	91,95	[16]
Lactococcus lactis	GAPDH	14-210	100	[17]
Aspergillus niger	PFK	3	100	[18]
	PYK	5	100
Chinese hamster ovary	PFK	2.2, 3.4, 3.7	100	[19]

Flux to ethanol was for S. cerevisiae and E. coli; flux to citrate was for A. niger; and flux to L-lactate was for hamster.