Cytokines and Chemokines in Neuropsychiatric Syndromes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Table 1

Cytokines in CSF of NPSLE.

Cytokines	NPSLE	Control group	Authors	Year
IL-1	Incresed	None	Alcocer-Varela et al. [12]	1992
IL-1𝛽	Same	Neulogical symptoms without neurological diseases	Gilad et al. [13]	1997
soluble IL-2R	Incresed	Neulogical symptoms without neurological diseases	Gilad et al. [13]	1997
IL-6	Incresed	Non-NPSLE, HI	Jönsen et al. [14]	2003
	Incresed	HI, neurocysticerosis	Jara et al. [15]	1998
	Incresed	Non-NPSLE	Hirohata and Miyamoto [16]	1990
	Incresed	Cerebral infarction	Hirohata and Hayakawa [17]	1999
	Incresed	None	Alcocer-Varela et al. [12]	1992
	Incresed	CNS inflammation, non-inflammatory CNS diseases	Tsai et al. [18]	1994
	Incresed	Non-NPSLE	Trysberg et al. [19]	2009
	Incresed	HI	Dellalibera et al. [20]	2003
	Incresed	Non-NPSLE, SM, non-AID	Fragoso-Loyo [21]	2007
IL-8	Incresed	Non-NPSLE	Trysberg et al. [19]	2009
	Incresed	Non-NPSLE, SM, non-AID	Fragoso-Loyo [21]	2007
	Incresed	MS, other AID	Santer et al. [22]	2009
IL-10	Same	Non-NPSLE, HI	Jönsen et al. [14]	2003
	Incresed	HI	Dellalibera et al. [20]	2003
	Same	Non-NPSLE, SM, non-AID	Fragoso-Loyo [21]	2007
TNF-𝛼	Incresed	HI	Dellalibera et al. [20]	2003
	Same	Non-NPSLE, SM, non-AID	Fragoso et al. [21]	2007
	Same	Neulogical symptoms without neurological diseases	Gilad et al. [23]	1997
IFN-𝛾	Same	Non-NPSLE, SM, non-AID	Fragoso-Loyo et al. [21]	2007
IFN-𝛼	Incresed	Non-NPSLE, HI	Jönsen et al. [14]	2003
	Incresed	Non-NPSLE	Winfield et al. [24]	1983
	Incresed	Non-NPSLE	Shiozawa et al. [25]	1992

AID: autoimmune diseases, HI: healthy individuals, MS: multiple sclerosis, SM: septic meningitis.