Induction of Specific CD8+ T Cells against Intracellular Bacteria by CD8+ T-Cell-Oriented Immunization Approaches
Figure 1
DNA vaccination system. (a) Naked DNA vaccination. Eukaryotic expression plasmids that have a strong enhancer/promoter such as cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter/enhancer are used as DNA vaccines. Naked DNA vaccination carried out by needle injection (intramuscular, subcutaneous), gene gun bombardment, or topical application to skin. (b) Live attenuated bacteria carrier DNA vaccination. Live attenuated intracellular bacteria, such as Listeria, Shigella, or Salmonella, are used as carriers of DNA vaccines. They were given orally or parenterally (needle injection).
