Immune Modulation by Schistosoma mansoni Antigens in NOD Mice: Effects on Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
Figure 5
TGF modulates the Th2 response to SEA in vitro and in vivo. (a) Treatment of NOD mice with anti-TGF reduces the Th2 response to SEA in vivo. Female NOD mice (10-11 weeks of age) were injected i.p. with 50βg SEA on days 0 and 5, 5βmg anti-TGF on days 0, 2, and 5, and cells were taken for analysis on day 10. Data shown are from a single experiment using anti-TGF and SEA. (b) Antibody neutralization of TGF in vitro diminishes the Th2 response to SEA. NaΓ―ve CD4+ T cells () were cultured for five days with bmDCs (105) and 0.5βg/ml CD3 in the presence of SEA (10βg/ml) and/or anti-TGF (20βg/ml). FACS plots from one of three independent polarization experiments are shown.
