Factorial Design to Optimize Biosurfactant Production by Yarrowia lipolytica

Table 4

Experimental design and results of the 2⁴ full factorial design for carbon source analyses.

Run	𝑧^∗1	𝑧^∗2	𝑧^∗3	𝑧^∗4	ST^†	EI^‡
1	−1	−1	−1	−1	9.0	6.9
2	1	−1	−1	−1	19.5	62.3
3	−1	1	−1	−1	2.0	11.6
4	1	1	−1	−1	11.0	25.5
5	−1	−1	1	−1	2.6	12.8
6	1	−1	1	−1	10.7	70.2
7	−1	1	1	−1	2.0	27.5
8	1	1	1	−1	9.9	39.3
9	−1	−1	−1	1	27.8	56.2
10	1	−1	−1	1	20.2	82.9
11	−1	1	−1	1	14.4	48.8
12	1	1	−1	1	14.8	40.0
13	−1	−1	1	1	14.9	47.3
14	1	−1	1	1	12.6	76.8
15	−1	1	1	1	14.4	38.9
16	1	1	1	1	13.0	26.0
17	0	0	0	0	10.9	42.3
18	0	0	0	0	9.8	43.1
19	0	0	0	0	11.2	43.9

∗The coded variables 𝑧_𝑖 (𝑖 = 1, 2, 3, 4) are defined in Table 2. †Variation in surface tension (mN m⁻¹), ‡Emulsification index (%).