Chronic Heat Stress Weakened the Innate Immunity and Increased the Virulence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Mice
Figure 2
Analysis of maturation of DCs and innate immunity associated cytokine expression in mice. (a) Total splenocytes were isolated from the spleen of mice exposed to 38 ± 1°C or 24 ± 1°C over 21 days. Double staining for MHC-II+ CD11c+, CD80+ CD11c+, CD86+ CD11c+, and CD40+ CD11c+ cells was performed. The proportion of double-positive cells in the dot-plot are shown in the upper right corner of the quadrant, with the gate set for CD11c+ cells or events. Data shown are representative of three independent experiments. (b) Summaries of the proportion of MHC-II+ among total CD11c+ cells, CD80+ among CD11c+ cells, CD86+ among CD11c+ cells, and CD40+ among CD11c+ cells. (c) IL-6, IFN-β, and IL-10 mRNA levels from the spleens of mice exposed to 38 ± 1°C or 24 ± 1°C for 21 days were determined by qPCR. These results are the mean ± SD values obtained from three distinct animals and are representative of three independent experiments. * indicates when compared with the TN group.
