The Combined Effect of Electrical Stimulation and High-Load Isometric Contraction on Protein Degradation Pathways in Muscle Atrophy Induced by Hindlimb Unloading
Figure 3
Expression levels of cathepsin L (a), calpain 1 (b), calpain 2 (c), and ubiquitinated proteins (d) in the tibialis anterior muscle and representative western blot. Values were calculated as the fold changes relative to the Cont and presented as the mean ± SEM. * and † are significantly different from the Cont and HU groups, respectively, at P < 0.05. in the Cont and HU groups, in the ES and groups.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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