Bioactive Food Components and Cancer-Specific Metabonomic Profiles

Table 1

Preclinical and clinical nutrition studies using stable-isotope metabonomics.

Specimen	Analysis	Stable isotope	Results	Reference
Blood, urine	NMR, GC-MS	^13C	Differential glucose metabolic pathways between normal and cancer cells in lung: 13C glucose was infused to lung cancer patients and showed enhanced production of Asp and Glu via glycolysis in lung tumor tissues.	Fan et al. [50]
Cell extracts	GC/MS	^13C	The treatment of MIA pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells with 200 𝜇M genistein for 3 days reduced the glucose (labeled with [1,2-^13C] glucose) metabolism via the nonoxidative pentose pathway, which coincided with its antiproliferative effects.	Boros et al. [32]
Cell extracts	GC-MS	^13C	The altered flux in response to gluconeogenic substrates in fasting rat hepatocytes was measured with [1,2-^13C2] glucose.	Marin et al. [51]
Cell extracts	GC-MS	^13C	The treatment of butyrate-sensitive HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells with 5 mM butyrate resulted in the inhibition of glucose uptake, oxidation, and nucleic acid ribose synthesis.	Boren et al. [52]
Plasma	GC/MS	^13C	The hypoglycemia seen in the fasting PPAR𝛼 null mouse is due to the reduced recycling of glucose carbon from lactate back to glucose.	Xu et al. [53]