Review Article
The Animal Model of Spinal Cord Injury as an Experimental Pain Model
Table 1
Classification of the Spinal Cord Injury Pain Task Force of the International Association of the Study of Pain.
| Broad type | Broad system | Affected structures/Pathologies |
| Nociceptive | Musculoskeletal | Bone, joint, muscle trauma, or inflammation | | | Mechanical instability | | | Muscle spasm | | | Secondary overuse | | Visceral | Renal calculus (kidney stones) | | | Bowel and sphincter dysfunctions | | | Headache by autonomic dysreflexia |
| Neuropathic | Above-level | Compression mononeuropathy | | | Complex Regional Pain Syndrome | | At-level | Nerve root compression (cauda equine) | | | Syringomyelia | | | Spinal cord trauma/ischemia | | | Dual-level cord and root trauma (double-lesion syndrome) | | Below-level | Spinal cord trauma/ischemia |
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