The Gut Microbiota and Human Health with an Emphasis on the Use of Microencapsulated Bacterial Cells

Figure 2

Pathways by which a probiotic can positively influence human health. They can influence human health by (1) production of pathogen inhibitory substances; (2) blocking of pathogenic bacteria adhesion sites; (3) nutrient competition and production; (4) degradation of toxins and toxin receptors; (5) modulation of innate immune responses.